Astronomy+Timeline

=**Origin of Modern Astronomy Timeline**= -Christian King

__Galileo Galilei__ He found that the speed at which bodies fall does not depend on their weight and did extensive experimentation with pendulums. He invented the thermometer in 1593. He then discovered the rings of Saturn and four major moons of Jupiter in 1610. He observed the phases of Venus and studied sunspots.---> Destini Jones

Johannes Kepler He developed three laws of planetary motion that govern orbits. One of his laws stated that the orbit of each planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus. Another law was when a planet move around the sun in its orbit it covers equal areas in equal time. His last law was the time a planet takes to complete one orbit is related to its average distance from the sun. This was done in 1571-1630. Ryen Carvalho

Issac Newton In 1966 he found out he could split light into a spectrum of colors. He passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism and a spectrum of colors appeared from red to violet. He found that visilbe light was in fact a mixture of different kinds of light. Then ten years later 1977 Christian Huygens proposed that light travels in the form of tiny waves. It is known that light with shorter wave lenghts is bent more than light with longer wavelengths when it passes through a boundry between two different substances. Ryen Carvalhothat

__Albert Einstein__ Albert Einstein investigated the thermal properties of light with a low radiation density and his observations lead to the foundation of the photon theory of light. He discovered the theory of general relativity and the law of the photoelectric effect. Einstein used the general theory of relativity to model the structure of the universe as a whole. -Barbara V.

__Christian Doppler__ He was one of the major Austrian physicists, in 1842 he then first proposed C//oncerning the coloured light of double stars//. That principle became the Doppler effect. In 1845 he then theorized that sound waves from a moving source would be compressed or expanded, or even that the frequency would change. The Doppler effect also led to very many advances in scientific thinking, especially in astronomy. Kelsey Lester

Christian Doppler (Nov 29, 1803- March 17, 1853) pictureDionne Bouyer>

__Joseph-Louis lagrange__

Developed new methods of analytical mechanics; made many theoretical contributions to astronomy, improving our understanding of lunar motion and the perturbing effects of planets on cometary orbits; found solution to 3-body problem showing there could be two points (now called Lagrange points) in orbit of Jupiter where minor planets could stay almost indefinitely - the Trojan group of asteroids were later discovered at these positions-> Esmeralda O

Joseph-Louis, Comte de Lagrange (January 25, 1736 – April 10, 1813)---Dionne Bouyer

Aristotle Time Period:384 BC-322 BC. He argued that the universe is spherical and finite. Speherical, because that is the most perfect shape; finite, because it has a center, the center of the earth, and a body with a center cannot be infinite. He believed that the earth, too, is a sphere. Diamond Bouyer -Picture by DanielNguon

__William Herschel__ William was a German astronomer, technical expert, and composer. His most famous discovery was the discovery of Uranus and two of its bigger moons: Titania and Oberon. He discovered two of Saturn's moons as well. William also discovered infrared radiation. He was appointed "The King's Astronomer" and built telescopes that he sold to other astronomers. (November 15, 1738---August 25,1822). Dalton Goss

__Jan Oort__ His hypothesis that the comets have a common orgin, postulated in __1950__, was later proven to be incorrect in detail, though correct in principle. That is different types of comets have orgins in different regions of the outter solar system. -Diamond Bouyer Jan Hendrick Oort ( April 28, 1900- November 5, 1952) -Dionne Bouyer

__Edwin Hubble__
 * Edwin Hubble (11-20-1889)

-Kayla Rosa he was an american astronomer who changed the understanding of the universe. He changed the understanding by proving the existence of other galaxies then our own galaxy. He also discovered that redshift changes with distance.--> Kayla Rosa __Jemison, Mae C.__ (October 17 1956 - still living) Ms.Jemison was the first African American woman in space. She was entered in to the NASA program in 1987. She traveled on the space craft known as the Endeavor on September 12,1992. She was the mission specialist on this particular mission. Ms.Jemison founded the International Science Camp which allows kids to get interested in space. - Jennifer Tipton

__Tycho Brahe__ (December 14, 1546--October 24, 1601) A Danish astronomist who refuted the celestial spheres theory. He also showed that comets were not an atmospheric phenomena. He had an estate on the Hven island where he built the Uraniborg research institute. He built large astronomical instruments and took careful measurements. His data was used by Johannes Kepler, his assistant, to derive the laws of planetary motion.---Dalton Goss

__Eratosthenes__ 275-195 BC The most well known of his accomplishments was figuring out an accurate measurement of the Earth's circumference, and finding the distances between: the Earth and Sun, and the Earth to the moon. -Amanda Medina

__ Einar Hertzsprung/Henry Russell __ Henry was an American astronomer who, along with Ejina developed the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. (act 7 graphs) This helps plot starts and measures the star's absolute magnitude temp and color. -Diana Kanggg IM DONE!!-

__Claudius Ptolemy__ 90 AD- 168 AD Claudius believed that all celestial bodies revolved around the Earth. He devised a system of circular orbits within orbits known as the Ptolemaic system. Claudius laid the foundation for many mathematicians and astronomers to take, although most of his theories were later proved wrong or incorrect. - Alex Huston

__Immanuel Kant__ 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804 Kant found that traditional metaphysics can be reformed by epistomolgy. Immanuel Kant was the last influential philosopher of the period of the theory of knowledge. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. -Alex Huston

__Nicolaus Copernicus__ February 19, 1473-May 24, 1543 The son of a wealthy merchant, he grew up to become a famous Polish astronomer and even known today as “The Founder of Modern Astronomy” He began living with a mathematician who taught him to question astronomical beliefs. Before Copernicus’ discoveries, everyone believed that the Earth was the center of the universe. Copernicus believed this to be incorrect. He developed principles of his heliocentric astronomy, stating that every planet revolved around the Sun, that the Earth rotated daily on its axis, and that Earth’s motion affected what people saw in the sky. - Elizabeth Moreno

Edwin Hubble -emily soupal
 * 1889-1953
 * american astronomer
 * known for
 * Hubble's law
 * Hubble sequence
 * redshift
 * discoveries/accomplishments
 * discovered the universe goes beyond the milky way
 * discovered asteroid 1373 Cincinnati
 * won noble prize

__Gerald Kuiper__ __1905-1973__ -emily soupal
 * discovered two natural satellites of planets in the solar system:
 * Uranus's satellite Miranda
 * Neptune's satellite Nereid
 * discovered carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars
 * discovered methane-laced atmosphere over Saturn's satellite

Was a Danish chemist and astronomer. His biggest contribution to astronomy was developing a system of classifying
 * Ejnar Hertzsprung- (1873-1967)

stars by spectral type, stage in development, and luminosity. This is a diagram we still use today. - Amanda Manning

__**Maria Mitchell-**__ She was one of the first famous women astronomers. She had her own observatory which was a big thing for a women at that time. The observatory got her alot of credit but really her claim to fame was discovering a telescopic comet she called "Miss Mitchell's Comet" in the year 1847.-Austin Adams
 * Henry Russell- lived 1877 to 1957. He was an American astronomer. Russell worked with Ejnar Hertzsprung to create the star classification system. They called it the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram or the HR diagram.- Amanda Manning

**Ptolemy (85 – 165 A.D.)** Ptolemy was upset and botherd that the current universe view couldnt reproduce or predict accurately certain observed phenomena's, such as planetary retrograde motion, and the fact that Mars appears dimmer at times. So he began to devise a new system, whereby he applied Euclid’s geometry to the universe. Under the Ptomlemaic system, planets orbited around the Earth on a deferent, which is simply a circle around Earth. But Ptolemy said that the deferent did not have the earth at the center, but were instead eccentric. An eccentric is a deferent with the earth slightly off-center. - Lauren Cowart

was born in Salzburg, Austria. As a young kid he was never able to work with his father in the family business due to his physical weakness. He had found an interest in mathematics and astronomy. Later he graduated high school. After high school he started at college. The college is know today as Czech Technical University. at the age of 39 he had published his first work. He created the Doppler principle. The Doppler was later confermined by Buys Ballot in 1845. Died 17 March 1853 ( 1853-03-17 )
 * Christian Doppler**




 * //__- BLAKE WEIL__//**