Activity+6+Solar+Radiation

=**Activity 6 The Electromagnetic Spectrum pg E58**=
 * -Clara B**
 * [[image:http://www.kollewin.com/EX/09-15-03/electromagnetic-spectrum.jpg width="348" height="245"]]- Sam Sanneman**

Goals
- Sam Sanneman __Think About It__
 * Explain electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum in terms of wavelength, speed, and energy.
 * Investigate the different instruments astronomers use to detect differet wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum.
 * Understand that the atoms of each of the chemical elements have a unique spectral fingerprint.
 * Explain how electromagnetic radiation reveals the temperature and chemical makeup of objects like stars.
 * Understand that some forms of electromagmetic radiation are essential and beneficial to us on earth, and others are harmful.
 * What does a prism reveal about visible light?
 * When Isaac Newton passed a beam of sunlight through a glass prism, it showed a spectrum of colors from red to violet. This experimentation caused Newton to discover that visible light was a mixture of different kinds of light and that he could split light into a spectrum of colors. -Barbara V.


 * The Sun produces light energy that allows you to see. What other kinds of energy come from the sun? Can you see them? Why or why not?
 * The Sun produces multiple forms of energy, most of which are not visible to the naked eye. These energies can be harmful or helpful to our enviorment. Some of these energies can be seen with the naked eye. These visible energies are part of the spectrum labeled visible light. These energies can appear as various colours. -William S.

__Think About It 2__ The Sun produces light energy that allows you to see. What other kinds of energy comes from the Sun? Can you see them? Why or why not? Another kind of energy the Sun produces in heat energy. You can feel the heat from your own body, your breath and expecially the ground. The Sun heats up the Earth directly and then hot air rises up so we can feel it. We usually can not see it but heat can come off as steam or vapor. We can see heat like on a fire cause it also produces light energy. -Diana Kangarooooooooooo-

1. a) red, orange, green, blue, violet b) the colors would get brighter going towards the sun and darker going away from the sun. 2. a) red, orange, green, blue, violet 3. a) red, orange, green, blue, violet 4. a) Between the different lights, the colors all look very similar. the colors just have different fade and shade in different lighting. -- Hannah Johnson
 * Investigation Page E59**

__Check Your Understanding__


 * 1) 1 What are the colors of the spectrum of visible sunlight, from longest wavelength to shortest? Are there breaks between these colors, or do they grade continuously from on to the next? Why?
 * Visible sunlight consists of the colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet - the rainbow. This is also called the visible spectrum. The colors grade continuously from one to the next because colors mix together, for instance a yellowish green or redish orange. There are no breaks inbetween colors. >Tanner A!


 * 1) 2 Which wavelength of light is most harmful to you and others? Why?
 * Ultraviolet radiation is the most harmful because it causes skin cancer from sunburn!--> Esmeralda O

#3 Q: What tools do astronomers use to detect different wavelengths of light?

A: Astronomers use radio and x-ray telescopes to detect wavelengths of lights. Radio Telescopes are instruments that are used to observe long wavelengths of radiation. X-ray telescopes and interstellar x-ray emission. Both produce images by the different amounts of emission. -> Destini Jones

The sun also produces solar energy. We use this energy as a source of power. A lot of the time it is used on houses or on buildings. Also on smaller objects like calculators or lights. Solar energy is seen as light. It is why it is bright outside during the day. - Amanda Manning

__The Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation__ __Spectroscopy__ __Infrared light__ __Ultraviolet light__ __Radio and X-ray Telescopes__ -Elizabeth Moreno __Spectrums__ A spectrum is where the light ranges and how much energy it produces. Emission Spectrum is a spectrum containing bright lines or set of discrete wavelengths produced by an element. Absorption Spectrum is a continious spectrum interrupted by abosorption lines or continous spectrum having a number of discrete wavelengths missing or reduced in intensity. Every chemical produced has its own unique spectrum. - Jennifer Tipton
 * __Digging Deeper Notes__**
 * Isaac Newton discovered the spectroscope.
 * Spectroscopy- The science that studies the way light interacts with matter.
 * The sun radiates energy over a very wide range of wavelengths.
 * The earths atmosphere sheilds you from some of the most dangerous forms of electromagnetic radiation.
 * Spectroscope- an instrument that helps study the suns light by separating it into colors. -Lauren Cowart
 * a visible spectrum is the range of colors, from red to violet.
 * electromagnetic radiation is given off by the sun, some other stars, and galaxies.
 * electromagnetic radiation is in the form of electromagnetic waves, which transfer energy as it travels through space.
 * electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, which means eight laps around the entire earth in one second.
 * electromagnetic radiation has the properties of both waves and particles.- Kelsey Lester
 * Light with shorter wavelengths are bent (meaning they are refracted), more than light with longer wavelengths when it passes through a boundary between two different substances.- DanielNguon
 * used in the science that studies the way of light interacts with matter
 * it is used to study the sun's light by separating into various colors
 * detected as heat
 * it is the electromagnetic radiation at between 0.7-1000
 * it is the electromagnetic radiation at wavelengths shorter than violet;end of visible light
 * it can give you a sunburn and even skin cancer
 * -emily soupal
 * Radio telescopes are sensitive to wavelengths in the radio range. They produce images of celestial bodies by recording different amounts of radio emission. All the signals are combined with computers to produce an image.
 * X-ray telescopes detect the highly energetic radiation streaming from objects like explosions, galaxies,and black holes. A wide array of telescopes both on Earth and in space study every wavelength of radiation.

__Astronomy and the Electromagnetic Spectrum__ binoculars, or your unaided eyes. __Using Electromagnetic Radiation to Understand Celestial Objects__
 * Scientists use a variety of instruments to collect electromagnetic radiation from distant objects.
 * Visible light is what reveals the temperature of stars. Visible light is what you see when you look at the stars through telescopes,
 * All other forms of light are invisible to the human eye, but they can be detected.
 * -Alex Huston
 * In the visible spectrum, the Sun has its peak wavelength in the yellow region and hotter objects have their peaks towards the blue direction of the spectrum.
 * This means that the color of stars reflects their temperatures.
 * The spectra of stars reveals many things about the star, such as its chemical composition, its presure and temperature, and its motion.-Dalton Goss

__Peak Wavelength__


 * The wavelength value with the highest amount of energy radiating from the source. Most commonly specified for non visible (infrared) LED's. - Amanda Medina

__Geo Words__
 * Spectroscopy- the science of studying the properties of light.
 * Spectroscope- an instrument used to study the Sun's light by separating it into its various colors.
 * Visible spectrum- the range of colors visible in a spectroscope which range from red to violet.
 * Electromagnetic radiation- energy given off by the Sun in the forms of: radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays.
 * Ultraviolet- electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light.
 * Infrared- electromagnetic radiation detected as heat, they are not visible to the human eye.
 * Radio telescope- produce images of celestial bodies by recording the different amounts of radio emission coming from an area of the sky.
 * X-ray telescope- an instrument used to detect stellar and interstellar x-ray emission. -Trudy Morse

__Check Your Understanding __ 1.) What are the colors of the spectrum of visible sunlight, from longest to shortest? Are there breaks between these colors, or do they grade continuously from one to the next? Why?

The colors of visible light from longest to shortest are red, orange, yellow, green, blue & violet. There is no solid break in the visible light spectrum its better described as waves flowing from one to another.  2.) Which wavelengths of light can be more harmful to you than others? Why? The more harmful form of light is ultra violet light. This light is more harmful than other forms because it can cause skin damage, & radiation that causes cancer.  Though some ultraviolet waves from the Sun penetrate Earth's atmosphere, most of them are blocked from entering by various gases like Ozone. Some days, more ultraviolet waves get through our atmosphere. Scientists have developed a UV index to help people protect themselves from these harmful ultraviolet waves. ﻿ <span style="font-family: arial,sans-serif; font-size: small; line-height: 15px;">3.) What tools do astronomers use to detect different wavelengths of light?

The term refraction refers to the bending of light. Refracting telescopes employ a series of lenses to collect visible light. Most telescopes in use today are reflecting because bigger telescopes can be built with mirrors than with lenses. Reflecting telescopes have a concave primary mirror, normally parabolic in shape and located at the lower end of the telescope. It reflects the light of celestial objects to a focus. The light is often intercepted by a smaller mirror that reflects it down through a hole in the primary mirror to an instrument, such as a camera or a spectrograph, for analysis. Together, radio and optical telescopes help astronomers to build a more complete picture of a region of space. Other examples of instruments include, x-ray telescopes & radio telescopes. The x-ray telescope picks up stellar & interstellar x-ray emisson. Whereas the radio telescope observes the longer wavelengths. - Tamara Strunk : p

4.) How can the speed of a distant object in space be measured?

The positionof lines in a spectrum reveal the motion of the star toward or away from Earth, as well as the speed of that motion. You have experienced the effect yourself, when a car, truck, or train passes by you with its horn blowing. The pitch of the sound increases as the object approaches you, and decreases as the object passes by and moves away from you. That is because when the object is coming toward you, its speed adds to the speed of the sound, making the wavelength of the sound seem higher to you. The reverse happens when the object is moving away from you. This same principle applies to the spectrum from a distant object in space, which might be moving either toward Earth or away from Earth. -Alex Huston

__Inquiring Further #1__ Q: Radio waves from the Sun penetrate the Earth's atmosphere. Scientists detect these waves and study their strength and frequency to understand the processes inside the Sun that generate them. Do some research on how these waves are studied. A: Radio astronomy is the study of celestial objects that emit radio waves. With radio astronomy, scientists can study astronomical phenomena that are often visible in other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Since radio waves penetrate dust, scientists use radio astronomy techniques to study regions that cannot be seen in visible light. Emily Harvey

__**Digging Deeper Notes pg.E63-E67**__ -Amanda Balzano
 * Electromagnetic radiation is in the form of electromagnetic waves that transfer energy as they travel through space.
 * The visible spectrum is a small part of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
 * Spectroscopy, is the science of studying the properties of light.
 * Infared radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths it is not visible to the human eye.
 * Ultra Violet light also known as UV are wavelengths shorter than the violet end of visible light.
 * Much of electromagnetic radiation emmited by the sun is visible to the human eyes.
 * Scientists use instruments such as radio and X-Ray telescpes to collect electromagnetic radiation from distant objects.
 * Radio telescopes are sensitive to wavelengths in radio range.
 * Peak wavelength, is the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with the most electromagnetic energy emitted by any object.
 * The spectrum is the most important tool in astronomy. it is a chart of the entire range of wavelengths of light from an object.

-kayla r the suns energy passes through space until a planet interacts.- kayla r

__**X-ray Telescopes**__
 * There are two very large telescopes in New Mexico. Very Large Array (VLA) and Very Large Baseline Array (VLBA). They catch wavelengths of radio waves.
 * Radio telescopes produce images of space objects by recording the amount of radio emission the object gives off. They are able to process the emissions given off with a computer and the computer creates the picture.

Understanding and Applying 3. The sun looks yellow, can warm the surface of your skin, and can also give you sunburn. Explain these everyday phenomena in terms of the electromagnetic spectrum and peak waelength. -objects that are hot and are radiating visible light usually look the color of their peak wavelength. the sun is in the yellow region part of the peak wavelength. the sun radiated energy over a very wide range of wavelengths. Earhs atmosphere shields the dangerous forms of electromanetic radiation. The wavelengths that can harm you are the ultraviolet which are sunburn. -Courtney M.

Geo words Peak wavelength- the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation with the most electromagnetic energy emitted by any spot. Emission spectrum- a spectrum containing bright lines or a set of discrete wavelengths produced by an element. Each element has its own unique emission spectrum. Absorption spectrum- a continuous spectrum interrupted by absorption lines or a continuous spectrum having a number of discrete wavelengths missing or reduced in intensity. -- Kevin Boe



Radio telescope- an instrument used to observe longer wavelenghts of radiation with large dishes to collect and concentrate the radiation onto antennae. Like the very large array and very large baseline array in new Mexico are sensitive to wavelengths in the radio range. Radio telescopes produce images of celestial bodies by recording the different amounts of the radio emission coming from an area of the sky. -- Kevin Boe

Inquiring further electromagnetics play a part in our everyday lives. Human functions rely on very little electrical currents. But we would be dead with out them if we didnt have them. Many of our technologies that we use today produce more electromagnetic than our body actually needs. Some of these daily technologies include such items as appliances, electronics, power lines, cell phones and cell towers __- BLAKE WEIL__
 * 1) 3 technologies and the electromagnetic spectrum