Activity+2+Moon's+Effect

=Activity 2 Moon's Effect on the Earth pg E14= -Christian King - Sam Sanneman

__Goals__
- Sam Sanneman
 * Investigate lunar phases using a model and observations in your community.
 * Investigate the general idea of tidal forces.
 * Understand the role of the earth, the moon, and the sun in creating tides on earth.
 * Understand the earth-moon system and the moon's likey origin.
 * Compare the apperence of the moon to other solar-system bodies.

Think About It E 14

The Moon looke the way it does now because it is constantly being bombarded by different objects. The Mooon is covered with dozens or even hundreds of craters. These were created by many objects that collide with it, The Moon is told to have a "pockmarked" face that has preserved it's early history of collisons. One of the objects that has bombarded the Moon in the past, creating the craters, ised to actually be the Earth itself. - Katie C.
 * What happened to make the Moon look the way it does?

-What is the origin of the Moon?

There are mny different theories as to how the moon became our Moon. One of the most known theories is that an object roughly the size of Mars crashed into Earth millions of years ago and took a "chunk" out of Earth. This object then flew into space and was caught in the Earth's orbit. In the combination of gravity and the orbit the moon stayed in place and became a satelite like figure to Earth. Today it orbits around Earth as the Earth orbits around the Sun. - greg devore


 * How does the Moon affect the Earth?

The moon affects the Earth in different ways. When the full and new moons are aligned together with the sun, they create a spring tide. When the 1st quarter and 3rd quarter moons are aligned vertically and not on the same line with the sun, then this creates a neap tide. The gavitational pull with the Earth and the Moon is so strong that it stretches the solid Earth about 20 cm along the Earth-Moon line. When this happens, it causes the Ocean to create bulges, which is called the ocean tide, and also create what is called High and Low Tides.

- Katie C.

The Moon also brings light at night to earth. this is caused by the position of the sun, earth, and moon. The light from the sun is reflected off of the moon. Depending on the position of the earth with the sun and moon we will get different amounts of light from the moon at night. - Amanda Manning

Activity Two Digging Deeper Outline

This chart explains the different moon phases. The new moon is shown to be completely black, unlike the opposite the full moon. The full moon is resembling a clear light moon in the sky. -Mary Kate Ponder

Spring and Neap tides
__The formation of the Earth and Moon__
 * Spring tides have nothing to do with the Spring season of the year!
 * Spring tides happen when the moon/sun are in general alignment
 * this also happens at another lunar phase:full moon. at full moon
 * when the moon and sun are on opposite sides of the Earth
 * When the sun is setting the full moon is rising
 * Spring tides also occur during a full moon
 * They occur twice a month-Moon and full-Moon phases
 * NEAP TIDES
 * When the Earth and sun make a 90* angle their tidal affects counteract
 * At that time high tides are higher and low tides are lower
 * These tides are called neap tides.
 * Neap tides occur during 1st quarter and 3rd quarter Moons
 * They also occur 2x a month
 * It's like an ocean wave
 * The high/low tides travel around the earth twice per day--> Esmeralda O
 * scientists theorized that an object the size of mars collided with and probably shattered the early earth.
 * the remains of the collision formed a ring of debris around the earth.
 * then the material eventually formed into a giant satellite or the moon.
 * creating an earth-moon system from a collision is not easy.
 * in the computer, the moon gets thrown off as a separate planet or gets destroyed.-Kelsey Lester
 * during the formation of the solar system, small fragments of rocky material called planetesimals stuck together in a process called accretion.-->Kayla Rosa
 * The Earth is a geologically active place very few craters remain on Earth.
 * The Moon is geologically inactive the result of this is one less day in a year.
 * The Earth is rotating slowly down because of gravitational force.
 * When the Earth was 1st formed days consisted of only 6 hours.-Raina Jackson
 * Earth-Moon system - created from remnants a titanic collision which then formed a ring of debris around what was left of our planet. Eventually, this material accreted into a giant satellite which became the Moon.- Daniel nguon

__Tides__ These bulges in the oceans, called the ocean tide, are what create the high and low tides. -Alex Huston
 * The gravitational pull of the Earth and Moon stretches the Earth about 20 cm along the Earth-Moon line. This is called the Earth tide.
 * The stretching effect in the oceans is greater than the solid Earth, because water flows more easily than the rock in the Earth's interior.

__Tidal Bulge/Earth's Rotation__ __Continents and Oceans Effects On Tides__ __Geo Words__ __Check Your Understanding__ 2. Describe the relative positions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun for a spring tide and for a neap tide.
 * The tidal bulges are always on the sides of Earth that point away from and towards the moon.
 * The tidal bulge exerts a friction on Earth, which has slowed Earth's rotation over time.
 * The tidal bulge is also causing the Moon to move a few centimeters away from the Earth every year.---Dalton Goss
 * Most places have two high tides and two low tides a day but some places have only one of each per day.
 * The west coast of the U.S.A. has a very high tide and a semi high tide as well as a very low tide and semi low tide.
 * The continents are just one of many affects on tides.- Austin Adams
 * Accretion- the process in which dust and gas particles built up and formed stars and planets
 * Spring tide- occur when the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon are in a line. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon.
 * Neap tide- especially weak tides that occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun are perpendicular to each other, they occur during quarter moons. --Trudy Morse
 * Spring tides happen twice a month, near the times of full Moon and new Moon. At these times the Moon is in the same direction as the Sun and they rise together in the sky. The tidal pull of the Sun and the Moon are added together which causes the low tides to be lower than usual and the high tides to be higher than usual. During spring tides, the Sun, Earth, and the Moon are all in alignment. Neap tides happen near the times of the first and last quarter of the Moon. During neap tides the line between the Sun and Earth makes a right angle with the line between the Moon and Earth. At those times low tides are higher and high tides are lower. -Barbara V.

__check your understanding__ 3. What effect have tides had on the length of a day? The effects it has on a day are, as the earth rotates through a 24-h day, the shorelines experience two high tides –one when the tidal bulge that points toward the moon passes by, and once when the tidal bulge that points away from the moon passes by. By the time the earth has completed one rotation (in 24h); the moon is in a slightly different place because it has traveled along 1/30 of the way in its orbit around the earth in that 24 h period. That is why the moon rises and sets are about 50 min. Later each day. - kevin boe

__ check your understanding __ 1. How did the Moon likely form?
 * The Moon most likely formed when a large, Mars-sized object crashed into the Earth. A large chunk of the Earth then fell off into space and began to orbit Earth. Over time this chunk gained a more spherical shape and eventually became what we know as the Moon. Asteriods then hit the Moon causing what we see as the craters. --> Tanner A.

2. Describe the relative positions of the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun for a spring tide and for a neap tide.
 * When the Moon, the Earth, and the Sun are in a straight line it creates spring tides; the moon's positions for the straight line are full Moon and new Moon. When the Moon is in first quarter or third quarter of its cycle, the Earth, and the Sun create a right angle, in which case makes neap tides. -Sherry Guyer

3. What effect have tides had on the length of a day? Explain. Tides do not directly affect the length of a day on Earth. However, the moon rotates around earth in same direction as Earth's spin. Because of this tidal cycles are a little longer than daily cycles, 24 hours and 50 minutes. - Amanda Medina

__Chapter Review on Accretion__ Accretion- The process whereby dust and gas accumulated into larger bodies like stars and planets. Accretion is a way of saying, the seed of growing matter or planets. Basically small fragments of rocky material called planetesimals got stuck together and became bigger. With that, more and more got stuck on it and started to become huge! Like Terrestrial planets. Collisions has also occurred afterwards and had leftover pieces of rocky material to roam around space and get into orbit of other planets. -Diana Kangaroooooo-

__Digging Deeper Notes__ __Different effects on Tides__ The Moon is closer so more gravitational force is pulling on the tides than the Sun which is one hundred and fifty million kilometers away. The tides are effect by the different phases of the moon wit the Sun and Moon together equals more high tides. Spring Tide the tides of increasing range occuring monthly which creates more tides and more gravitational force coming from the Moon and the Sun. With the right angles between the Earth and the Sun cause tidal contracts. At right angles of the moon low tides are lower and high tides lower. Neap tides are caused by the right angle towards the moon. - Jennifer Tipton Tides -emily soupal
 * Accretion is the process where dust and gas are accumulated into larger bodies like stars or planets.The leftovers become raw materials for comets and asteroids.
 * Scientist theorize that an object the size of mars must have run into our earth and probably shattered it thousands of years ago. All the excess little pieces created a ring around earth and eventually came together by the process of accretion and created our moon.
 * When earth was first formed, a day probably only lasted about six hours. -Lauren Cowart
 * As the Earth rotates through a 24 hour day, shorelines experience two high tides - one when the tidal bulge that points towards the Moon passes by, and once when the tidal bulge that points away from the Moon passes by - Clara B
 * spring tides- the tides of increased range occurring semimonthly near the times of full moon and new moon
 * spring tides are higher than neap tides because the moon is positioned in such a way that it pulls the earth
 * the sun and moon pull in the same direction to create spring tides
 * neap tides- the tides of decreased range occurring semimonthly near the times of the first and last quarter of the moon
 * the sun and moon pull in opposite directions to create neap tides

//__Formation of the moon- Many theories?__// The moon was created or formed 4.5 billion years ago... thats along time ago huh? well it is. There are many different theories by different scientists around the world about how the moon was formed. One would be Fissin hypothesis that says when the earth was forming it was spinning and rotating way faster than it is today but a piece of the earth's crust broke off and drifted away creating the moon... another hypothesis is called the capture hypothesis stating that maybe the moon formed in another solar solar nebula but has now been orbiting around earth ever sence. Those theyories are not the only ones though.

- Meghan Miller

Geo words - kevin boe
 * Accretion- The process whereby dust and gas accumulated into larger bodies like stars and planets.
 * Spring tides- The tides of increased range occurring semimonthly near the times of full moon and new moon.
 * Neap tides- The tides of decreased range occurring semimonthly near the times of the first and last quarter of the moon.

__// Why is the moon so important and what are the many different theories of its formation (Extra info, not in the book) //__ It is nearly impossible to imagine the earth, without the moon. The moon has been here since the beginning of man, and has been very important to the study of the earth and the formation. The phases of the moon were used to help guide harvest and was also used to help predict flood timing. It not only is used today simply as a little light in the night, but also as a main source of information for other planets, moons, etc. There are many different theories about how the formation of the moon came to be such as : By Justine Gomez, p.3a.
 * Fission theory- The earth was moving so fast, that a piece broke off, and eventually caused the formation of the moon.
 * Collision ejection theory- A large object hit the earth and broke off pieces, forming the moon.
 * Co-creation theory- The moon and earth formed together.
 * Capture theory- The moon was not formed near the earth, but got caught in its gravitational pool and became it's moon.

__Understanding and Applying__ 2. Think about the roles that the Sun and Moon play in causing the ocean tides. a.) If the Earth had no moon, there would probably be a change in tidal waves and strength. The moon is the greatest “pull” the waves are affected by. There would still probably be tides occurring, but not as strong. The wind would still have some effect, because the Earth would still be rotating, and even the Sun plays a part. Though it has a greater mass than the moon, its effect is still minimal because of the large distance away from Earth. b.) If the moon was twice as close to Earth as it is now, tides would be noticeably more powerful, and higher. The moon would have a stronger gravitational pull of the Earth’s surface, causing the tidal and earth bulge to become longer. It would become dangerous however, if you believe in the stories that predict climate chaos with the Moon being this close to the Earth -Elizabeth Moreno

__** Pre-Reading Guide DD **__ 1. Explain why 'spring' tides are higher than 'neap' tides?

Spring tides are higher than neap tides, because the sun moon and earth align up at 180 degrees. Neap tides smaller and not as high, because the sun moon and earth alighn up perpindicular to each other.



2. Explain how the sun and the moon work together to create spring tides.

The sun adds its gravitational pull creating a greater effect.

-Amanda Balzano

Inquiring Further #1 Q: Use your school library or the library of a nearby college or university, or the internet, to investigate the reasons why the tidal bulge extends in the direction away from the Moon as well as in the direction toward the Moon. Why does Earth have two tidal bulges instead of just one, on the side closer to the Moon? A: On the side nearest to the moon, the "differential" gravitational force is directed toward the moon showing that for particles on the Earth's surface, they are being tugged slightly towards the moon because the force of the moon is slightly stronger at the Earth's surface than at the Earth's center. Another way of thinking about this is that the gravitational force of the moon causes the Earth to accelerate slightly towards the moon causing the water to get pulled towards the moon faster than the solid rock on the side nearest the moon. ---Emily Harvey Pre-Reading Guide When the line between the Earth and the Sun makes a right angle with the line from the Earth to the Moon, Their tidal effects tend to counteract with each other. -Courtney M. Because the moon is indeed moving further and furher away from the Earth super accurate clocks have established that the clay is gradually becoming slightly longer. This is phenomenon is called tidal friction. The days have gradually become longer over geologic times. As the Earth system evolves the cycles change as well. - Courtney M. Scientist have predicted that an object the size of Mars collided with and shattered the Earth. The remnants of the collision formed a ring of debris around the rest of our planet, eventually this material accreted into a giant satellite which we know has the moon. Scientist have done several studies and they have found different results. But hey have been able to create and accurate models of this theory. -Courtney Moore
 * 1) 3 Explain how the sun and moon work against each other to create neap tides.
 * 1) 4Describe how 'tidal friction' created by the moon acts like a 'brake' on the Earth.
 * 1) 5 Explain how the moon is most likely formed.

Accretion- the process whereby dust and gas accumulated into larger bodies like stars and planets.-- kevin boe

Inquiring Further Another Impact crater that is on earth, is called the chicxulub crater. It is a crater that is located in the Yucatan Peninsula. It is believed to be the impact crater of the asteroid that had impacted earth that brought an end to the Dinosaurs. The crater is approximation 180 km wide. And was discovered during a seismographic survey of the area in 1996. -__//**BLAKE WEIL**//__
 * 1) 3 Impact Craters